'Linux' 카테고리의 글 목록

Linux

[Linux] ifenslave 명령어 (Bonding Adaptor Active Change / 본딩 어댑터 전환) 2023.06.20
MTU Ping Test 2023.04.24
ssh 터널링 2023.04.05
dd 명령어 2023.03.22
[Ansible] Ubuntu Password 일괄 변경 2023.03.21
[Ubuntu] 20.04 커널버전 업그레이드 2023.03.20
[Ubuntu] 20.04 -> 22.04 업그레이드 2023.02.24
[CentOS7] Ansible 5.x 설치 2023.02.09

[Linux] ifenslave 명령어 (Bonding Adaptor Active Change / 본딩 어댑터 전환)

밝은숲 2023. 6. 20. 13:56

2023. 6. 20. 13:56

https://musclebear.tistory.com/69

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[Ubuntu] 20.04 커널버전 업그레이드 (0)	2023.03.20

MTU Ping Test

밝은숲 2023. 4. 24. 13:46

2023. 4. 24. 13:46

스테이징 호스트 장비, 스토리지망 인터페이스 설정 : MTU 9000
root@brighforest:~# ifconfig br2
br2: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 9000
...

스토리지 서버 Ping 테스트

1. MTU 1500 테스트 - 정상 응답
root@brighforest:~# ping -M do -s 1472 xxx.xxx.xxx.96
PING xxx.xxx.xxx.96 (xxx.xxx.xxx.96) 1472(1500) bytes of data.
1480 bytes from xxx.xxx.xxx.96: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.163 ms
1480 bytes from xxx.xxx.xxx.96: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.213 ms
1480 bytes from xxx.xxx.xxx.96: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.229 ms

2. MTU 1600 테스트 - 정상 응답 안 함
root@brighforest:~# ping -M do -s 1600 xxx.xxx.xxx.96
PING xxx.xxx.xxx.96 (xxx.xxx.xxx.96) 1600(1628) bytes of data.

...

3. MTU 9000 테스트 - 정상 응답 안 함
root@brighforest:~# ping -M do -s 8972 xxx.xxx.xxx.96
PING xxx.xxx.xxx.96 (xxx.xxx.xxx.96) 8972(9000) bytes of data.
...

참고)

https://blog.naver.com/PostView.naver?blogId=jesstter&logNo=222077975245

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[Ubuntu] 20.04 커널버전 업그레이드 (0)	2023.03.20

ssh 터널링

밝은숲 2023. 4. 5. 13:31

2023. 4. 5. 13:31

[root@brightforest ~]# more tunnul
ssh -D 0.0.0.0:6666 10.1.10.10

브라우저 - 설정 - 네트워크 설정
SOCKS 호스트 : 192.168.110.1
포트 : 6666

------------------

PC    -     HOST      -     VM
local - 192.168.110.1 - 10.10.0.10

1. VM → HOST
ssh -R 7777:localhost:8081 192.168.110.1

2. PC → HOST
ssh -L 7777:localhost:7777 root@192.168.110.1

web - localhost:7777

------------------

A(211.234.234.234 -p 34522)     |방화벽|        B(192.168.110.1)          C(172.21.10.1)
(1) A에서 C로 연결하기 위해 B → A로 Proxy 설정  (B에서 수행)
ssh -R 60020:172.21.10.1:22 root@211.234.234.234 -p 34522
(2) A → C로 연결 (A에서 수행)
ssh user01@localhost -p 60020

참고)

https://kimmj.github.io/ubuntu/ssh-tunneling/

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dd 명령어

밝은숲 2023. 3. 22. 16:07

2023. 3. 22. 16:07

https://kithub.tistory.com/entry/Centos-%EB%A6%AC%EB%88%85%EC%8A%A4-%EC%A0%84%EC%B2%B4%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9C-%EB%B3%B5%EC%82%AC%ED%95%98%EA%B8%B0

# b1 1MB 500개로 이루어진 파일 10개 생성
# 500MB * 10개
for i in {1..10}; do echo $i; dd if=/dev/zero of=$i bs=1MB count=500; sleep 2; done

# bs 1GB 15개로 이루어진 15GB 크기의 file1 파일 생성
dd if=/dev/zero of=file1 bs=1GB count=15

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[Ansible] Ubuntu Password 일괄 변경

밝은숲 2023. 3. 21. 18:25

2023. 3. 21. 18:25

1. Python 설치

# Install ansible
apt install ansible

# Set Virtual-env
apt install python3.8-venv
source k8s-venv/bin/activate
pip install ansible==4.10.0

2. yaml 파일 생성

# update-root-pw.yaml
---
- hosts: all
  gather_facts: no
  tasks:
  - name: Update Root user's Password
    user:
      name: root
      update_password: always
      password: "{{ PASSWORD | password_hash('sha512') }}"

3. ansible-hosts 파일 생성

#  ansible-hosts
[all]
user01-deploy  ansible_host=192.168.110.10 ip=192.168.110.10
user01-master1 ansible_host=192.168.110.11 ip=192.168.110.11
user01-master2 ansible_host=192.168.110.12 ip=192.168.110.12
user01-master3 ansible_host=192.168.110.13 ip=192.168.110.13
user01-worker1 ansible_host=192.168.110.14 ip=192.168.110.14
user01-worker2 ansible_host=192.168.110.15 ip=192.168.110.15

user02-deploy  ansible_host=192.168.110.20 ip=192.168.110.20
user02-master1 ansible_host=192.168.110.21 ip=192.168.110.21
user02-master2 ansible_host=192.168.110.22 ip=192.168.110.22
user02-master3 ansible_host=192.168.110.23 ip=192.168.110.23
user02-worker1 ansible_host=192.168.110.24 ip=192.168.110.24
user02-worker2 ansible_host=192.168.110.25 ip=192.168.110.25

user03-deploy  ansible_host=192.168.110.30 ip=192.168.110.30
user03-master1 ansible_host=192.168.110.31 ip=192.168.110.31
user03-master2 ansible_host=192.168.110.32 ip=192.168.110.32
user03-master3 ansible_host=192.168.110.33 ip=192.168.110.33
user03-worker1 ansible_host=192.168.110.34 ip=192.168.110.34
user03-worker2 ansible_host=192.168.110.35 ip=192.168.110.35

4. 적용

ansible-playbook -i ansible-hosts update-root-pw.yaml --extra-vars "PASSWORD=passwd123$"

기타) root 로그인 허용

ansible -m shell -a "sed -i \"s/#   StrictHostKeyChecking*/StrictHostKeyChecking no/\"  /etc/ssh/sshd_config" -i ansible-hosts all
ansible -m shell -a "sed -i \"s/#PermitRootLogin.*/PermitRootLogin yes/\"  /etc/ssh/sshd_config" -i /tmp/sllee/ansible-hosts all

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[Ubuntu] 20.04 커널버전 업그레이드

밝은숲 2023. 3. 20. 11:09

2023. 3. 20. 11:09

목표

- 5.15.0-60-generic 버전으로 업그레이드

1. package repository 최신화 및 update 대상 확인
# apt-get update
# apt-cache search linux | grep '5.15.0-60-generic'

2. kernel upgrade 수행
# apt-get install linux-image-5.15.0-60-generic linux-headers-5.15.0-60-generic linux-modules-5.15.0-60-generic linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-60-generic
# dpkg -l | grep linux
# update-grub2

3. kernel upgrade 적용 확인
# cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg | grep gnulinux
# ls -alt /boot/ | grep initrd

# sync;sync;sync
# reboot * 시스템 상태 확인
# df -Ph
# timedatectl
# chronyc sources

* 시스템 message 확인
# cat /var/log/messages |grep -i fail
# cat /var/log/messages |grep -i error
# dmesg |grep -i fail
# dmesg |grep -i error

* 커널 업데이트 확인
# uname -r (5.15.0-60-generic)

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[Ubuntu] 20.04 -> 22.04 업그레이드

밝은숲 2023. 2. 24. 13:12

2023. 2. 24. 13:12

테스트 - 총 50분 소요

대상서버 : 192.168.110.115 k8s-worker02

기존 설정

root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl get nodes -o wide
NAME           STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION   INTERNAL-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   OS-IMAGE             KERNEL-VERSION      CONTAINER-RUNTIME
k8s-master01   Ready    control-plane   56d   v1.24.6   192.168.110.111   <none>        Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS   5.4.0-135-generic   containerd://1.6.8
k8s-master02   Ready    control-plane   56d   v1.24.6   192.168.110.112   <none>        Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS   5.4.0-135-generic   containerd://1.6.8
k8s-master03   Ready    control-plane   56d   v1.24.6   192.168.110.113   <none>        Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS   5.4.0-135-generic   containerd://1.6.8
k8s-worker01   Ready    <none>          56d   v1.24.6   192.168.110.114   <none>        Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS   5.4.0-135-generic   containerd://1.6.8
k8s-worker02   Ready    <none>          56d   v1.24.6   192.168.110.115   <none>        Ubuntu 20.04.5 LTS   5.4.0-135-generic   containerd://1.6.8

Kubernetes 프로세스 종료

root@k8s-worker02:~# systemctl stop kubelet
root@k8s-worker02:~# systemctl stop containerd.service

업그레이드

패키지 및 서버 최신버전으로 업데이트

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

...

Configuration file '/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg'
 ==> Modified (by you or by a script) since installation.
 ==> Package distributor has shipped an updated version.
   What would you like to do about it ?  Your options are:
    Y or I  : install the package maintainer's version
    N or O  : keep your currently-installed version
      D     : show the differences between the versions
      Z     : start a shell to examine the situation
 The default action is to keep your current version.
*** cloud.cfg (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ?
N

root@k8s-worker02:~# sudo apt dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  cgroupfs-mount pigz
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

2. 불필요 패키지 삭제

root@k8s-worker02:~# sudo apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  cgroupfs-mount pigz
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 292 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
(Reading database ... 96247 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing cgroupfs-mount (1.4) ...
Removing pigz (2.4-1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...

3. 코어 업데이트를 위한 패키지 설치

root@k8s-worker02:~# sudo apt install update-manager-core
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
update-manager-core is already the newest version (1:20.04.10.11).
update-manager-core set to manually installed.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

4. 업그레이드

root@k8s-worker02:~# sudo do-release-upgrade
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
You have not rebooted after updating a package which requires a reboot. Please reboot before upgrading.

root@k8s-worker02:~# reboot
nginx 종료 기다리고 있어서 하드리부트

재시도

root@k8s-worker02:~# sudo do-release-upgrade
...
If you continue, an additional ssh daemon will be started at port
'1022'.
Do you want to continue?

Continue [yN] y

---

Do you want to start the upgrade?


5 packages are going to be removed. 105 new packages are going to be
installed. 575 packages are going to be upgraded.

You have to download a total of 567 M. This download will take about
2 minutes with your connection.

Installing the upgrade can take several hours. Once the download has
finished, the process cannot be canceled.

 Continue [yN]  Details [d]
 y
 
 ...

yes

...
Configuration file '/etc/systemd/resolved.conf'
 ==> Modified (by you or by a script) since installation.
 ==> Package distributor has shipped an updated version.
   What would you like to do about it ?  Your options are:
    Y or I  : install the package maintainer's version
    N or O  : keep your currently-installed version
      D     : show the differences between the versions
      Z     : start a shell to examine the situation
 The default action is to keep your current version.
*** resolved.conf (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ?
N
...

중간에 GUI 화면으로 커널 버전 그대로 쓸건지 물어봄 (default : 기존버전사용)

root@k8s-worker02:~# uname -a
Linux k8s-worker02 5.4.0-139-generic #156-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 20 17:27:18 UTC 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
root@k8s-worker02:~#
root@k8s-worker02:~# more /etc/*release
::::::::::::::
/etc/lsb-release
::::::::::::::
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=22.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=jammy
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS"

커널 업데이트(5.19 테스트)

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cappelikan/ppa -y

sudo apt install mainline -y

https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.19-rc8/

  wget https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.19-rc8/amd64/linux-headers-5.19.0-051900rc8_5.19.0-051900rc8.202207242130_all.deb
  wget https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.19-rc8/amd64/linux-image-unsigned-5.19.0-051900rc8-generic_5.19.0-051900rc8.202207242130_amd64.deb
  wget https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.19-rc8/amd64/linux-modules-5.19.0-051900rc8-generic_5.19.0-051900rc8.202207242130_amd64.deb

root@k8s-worker02:~# sudo dpkg -i *.deb

reboot -f

root@k8s-worker02:~# uname -r
5.19.0-051900rc8-generic
root@k8s-worker02:~# more /etc/*release
::::::::::::::
/etc/lsb-release
::::::::::::::
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=22.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=jammy
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS"

root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl get nodes -o wide
NAME           STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION   INTERNAL-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   OS-IMAGE             KERNEL-VERSION             CONTAINER-RUNTIME
k8s-master01   Ready    control-plane   56d   v1.24.6   192.168.110.111   <none>        Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS   5.4.0-135-generic          containerd://1.6.8
k8s-master02   Ready    control-plane   56d   v1.24.6   192.168.110.112   <none>        Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS   5.4.0-135-generic          containerd://1.6.8
k8s-master03   Ready    control-plane   56d   v1.24.6   192.168.110.113   <none>        Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS   5.15.0-60-generic          containerd://1.6.8
k8s-worker01   Ready    <none>          56d   v1.24.6   192.168.110.114   <none>        Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS   5.4.0-135-generic          containerd://1.6.8
k8s-worker02   Ready    <none>          56d   v1.24.6   192.168.110.115   <none>        Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS   5.19.0-051900rc8-generic   containerd://1.6.8

root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl -n kube-system get pod -o wide
NAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS          AGE    IP                NODE           NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
calico-kube-controllers-56fd7b8dc-n42cb   1/1     Running   78 (15d ago)      56d    192.168.110.114   k8s-worker01   <none>           <none>
calico-node-6jmxc                         1/1     Running   1 (52d ago)       56d    192.168.110.111   k8s-master01   <none>           <none>
calico-node-k7jpb                         1/1     Running   4 (40d ago)       56d    192.168.110.114   k8s-worker01   <none>           <none>
calico-node-lpf6w                         1/1     Running   7 (78m ago)       56d    192.168.110.115   k8s-worker02   <none>           <none>
calico-node-x55bh                         1/1     Running   1 (52d ago)       56d    192.168.110.112   k8s-master02   <none>           <none>
calico-node-zf7p9                         1/1     Running   2 (2m17s ago)     56d    192.168.110.113   k8s-master03   <none>           <none>
coredns-75dbf65849-m7kl7                  1/1     Running   0                 66m    10.233.113.6      k8s-master02   <none>           <none>
coredns-75dbf65849-mtt7d                  1/1     Running   0                 52d    10.233.66.3       k8s-master01   <none>           <none>
csi-nfs-controller-6495ffdf79-dlgkm       3/3     Running   0                 123m   192.168.110.114   k8s-worker01   <none>           <none>
csi-nfs-node-4mwrh                        3/3     Running   10 (2m17s ago)    51d    192.168.110.113   k8s-master03   <none>           <none>
csi-nfs-node-6nllb                        3/3     Running   0                 51d    192.168.110.111   k8s-master01   <none>           <none>
csi-nfs-node-h9jdc                        3/3     Running   8 (78m ago)       51d    192.168.110.115   k8s-worker02   <none>           <none>
csi-nfs-node-mkd92                        3/3     Running   2 (15d ago)       51d    192.168.110.114   k8s-worker01   <none>           <none>
csi-nfs-node-tp56l                        3/3     Running   0                 51d    192.168.110.112   k8s-master02   <none>           <none>
dns-autoscaler-59b8867c86-tzbwm           1/1     Running   1 (52d ago)       56d    10.233.113.4      k8s-master02   <none>           <none>
etcd-k8s-master01                         1/1     Running   3 (15d ago)       56d    192.168.110.111   k8s-master01   <none>           <none>
etcd-k8s-master02                         1/1     Running   3 (15d ago)       56d    192.168.110.112   k8s-master02   <none>           <none>
etcd-k8s-master03                         1/1     Running   4 (2m17s ago)     56d    192.168.110.113   k8s-master03   <none>           <none>
kube-apiserver-k8s-master01               1/1     Running   50 (15d ago)      56d    192.168.110.111   k8s-master01   <none>           <none>
kube-apiserver-k8s-master02               1/1     Running   48 (15d ago)      56d    192.168.110.112   k8s-master02   <none>           <none>
kube-apiserver-k8s-master03               1/1     Running   40 (2m17s ago)    56d    192.168.110.113   k8s-master03   <none>           <none>
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01      1/1     Running   389 (25h ago)     56d    192.168.110.111   k8s-master01   <none>           <none>
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master02      1/1     Running   407 (4h53m ago)   56d    192.168.110.112   k8s-master02   <none>           <none>
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master03      1/1     Running   395 (2m17s ago)   56d    192.168.110.113   k8s-master03   <none>           <none>
kube-proxy-7lwpx                          1/1     Running   1 (52d ago)       56d    192.168.110.111   k8s-master01   <none>           <none>
kube-proxy-7p2hw                          1/1     Running   2 (2m17s ago)     56d    192.168.110.113   k8s-master03   <none>           <none>
kube-proxy-gwhtf                          1/1     Running   2 (78m ago)       56d    192.168.110.115   k8s-worker02   <none>           <none>
kube-proxy-tcrq7                          1/1     Running   0                 56d    192.168.110.114   k8s-worker01   <none>           <none>
kube-proxy-tr8fq                          1/1     Running   1 (52d ago)       56d    192.168.110.112   k8s-master02   <none>           <none>
kube-scheduler-k8s-master01               1/1     Running   382 (45h ago)     56d    192.168.110.111   k8s-master01   <none>           <none>
kube-scheduler-k8s-master02               1/1     Running   402 (4h53m ago)   56d    192.168.110.112   k8s-master02   <none>           <none>
kube-scheduler-k8s-master03               1/1     Running   393 (2m17s ago)   56d    192.168.110.113   k8s-master03   <none>           <none>
metrics-server-5ccdd99954-vn7p9           1/1     Running   0                 38d    10.233.125.3      k8s-worker01   <none>           <none>
nginx-proxy-k8s-worker01                  1/1     Running   0                 56d    192.168.110.114   k8s-worker01   <none>           <none>
nginx-proxy-k8s-worker02                  1/1     Running   2 (78m ago)       56d    192.168.110.115   k8s-worker02   <none>           <none>

현재 기본으로 사용중인 cgroup 버전 정보

root@k8s-worker02:~#  stat -fc %T /sys/fs/cgroup/
cgroup2fs


cgroup 컨트롤러 확인
root@k8s-worker02:~# ll /sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.controllers
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Feb 23 05:13 /sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.controllers


*20.04버전
root@k8s-master01:~# ll /sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.controllers
ls: cannot access '/sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.controllers': No such file or directory

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[CentOS7] Ansible 5.x 설치

밝은숲 2023. 2. 9. 13:32

2023. 2. 9. 13:32

환경

CentOS 7.9 / Python 3.6.8 / Kubernetes 1.23.5 (kubespray release 2.19)

이슈

kubespray requirement.txt 에서 ansible==5.7.1을 요구하나, CentOS 7서 python3.8 이상부터 ansible 5.x를 지원

설치

[root@deploy ~]# yum install -y gcc zlib-devel openssl-devel libffi-devel

[root@deploy ~]# cd /opt
[root@deploy ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.13/Python-3.9.13.tgz

[root@deploy ~]# tar -xvf Python-3.9.13.tgz
[root@deploy ~]# cd Python-3.9.13
[root@deploy ~]# ./configure --enable-optimizations --with-zlib --with-system-ffi

[root@deploy ~]# make altinstall

적용

[root@deploy ~]# which python3.9
/usr/local/bin/python3.9

[root@deploy ~]# cat /root/.bashrc
# .bashrc

# User specific aliases and functions

alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
alias vi='vim'
alias python="/usr/local/bin/python3.9"

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
        . /etc/bashrc
fi


[root@deploy ~]# source /root/.bashrc

[root@deploy ~]# python --version
Python 3.9.13

# kubespray
[root@deploy ~]# python -m pip install virtualenv
[root@deploy ~]# python -m virtualenv venv
[root@deploy ~]# source venv/bin/activate
[root@deploy ~]# pip install -r requirements.txt

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